Michael, the warrior prince
Michael is the angel named most often. Daniel describes him as one of the chief princes who comes to help in a spiritual conflict, and later calls him the great prince who stands for Daniel's people (Daniel 10:13; Daniel 12:1).
The New Testament calls him Michael the archangel. In Jude, he disputes with the devil but does not rely on his own authority. He appeals to the Lord's rebuke instead (Jude 1:9). Revelation pictures Michael and his angels fighting the dragon and its angels. Whatever details we may not understand, Michael's role shows that God is not without power in the face of evil (Revelation 12:7).
Yet Michael the archangel, when contending with the devil he disputed about the body of Moses, durst not bring against him a railing accusation, but said, The Lord rebuke thee.
Gabriel, the messenger
Gabriel appears when God brings significant news. He explains Daniel's vision and tells him that he has come to give understanding (Daniel 8:16; Daniel 9:21-22). Centuries later, Gabriel speaks with Zacharias about the coming birth of John the Baptist, then tells Mary that she will bear Jesus (Luke 1:19; Luke 1:26-27).
Gabriel's name is often understood to mean something like “God is my strength”, though Scripture itself does not stop to explain the name. What it does make clear is his task: he brings God's word at crucial moments in the story of redemption.
And the angel answering said unto him, I am Gabriel, that stand in the presence of God; and am sent to speak unto thee, and to shew thee these glad tidings.
Abaddon, also called Apollyon
Revelation gives another name: Abaddon in Hebrew and Apollyon in Greek. Both names carry the sense of destruction or destroyer. He is identified as the angel of the bottomless pit in John's vision (Revelation 9:11).
This is a sobering picture, but it is not a reason to panic. Revelation uses vivid visions to show the reality of evil and God's final rule over it. The passage does not give us a full biography of this angel, and it is wise not to build more certainty than Scripture gives.
And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon.
What about Lucifer and unnamed angels?
Many people include Lucifer in a list of angel names because the KJV uses that word in Isaiah 14:12. Yet the immediate passage addresses the king of Babylon. Some Christians also see language in the chapter as pointing beyond that king to Satan's fall, while others read it as poetic mockery of a proud human ruler. Either way, Scripture does not plainly introduce Lucifer there as the personal name of an angel (Isaiah 14:12).
The Bible does speak of Satan and of angels who followed him, but it gives few personal names (Matthew 25:41; Revelation 12:9). It also refers to cherubim and seraphim, which are kinds of heavenly beings rather than personal names (Genesis 3:24; Isaiah 6:2). Most of God's angels remain unnamed. Their quiet anonymity turns our attention away from them and back towards the God they serve.