The Bible places Sinai in the wilderness
After Israel left Egypt, they came to the wilderness of Sinai and camped before the mountain. There Moses went up to God, and the covenant story that shaped Israel unfolded there (Exodus 19:1-3). This tells us Sinai belonged to the route of the exodus, but it does not identify a particular peak on a modern map.
That gap matters. Biblical places are often described through journeys, wilderness regions, wells, valleys, and neighbouring peoples rather than through the sort of fixed borders people expect today. Sinai was a real mountain in a real journey, but the text does not give enough geographical detail to settle its present-day location.
For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and there Israel camped before the mount.
Why it is also called Horeb
Moses first met God at Horeb while tending the sheep of his father-in-law, Jethro. From there, God sent him back towards Egypt to bring Israel out of slavery (Exodus 3:1-2). Later, Elijah travelled to Horeb, called the mount of God, in a time of deep weariness and fear (1 Kings 19:8).
Many readers understand Sinai and Horeb as two names for the same mountain, or as names for the same mountain region. Scripture uses both names without stopping to define their exact relationship. Either way, the stories connect this place with God's call to Moses, Israel's covenant, and Elijah's renewed encounter with God.
Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb.
What Paul means by Arabia
Paul says Mount Sinai is in Arabia while using Hagar and Sarah to illustrate two covenants (Galatians 4:24-25). That phrase is an important clue, and it has led to serious discussion about whether Sinai was on the peninsula traditionally called Sinai or farther east.
Still, Arabia in the ancient world referred to a broad region, not a modern nation with surveyed boundaries. Paul's point in Galatians is theological, concerning covenant and freedom, rather than a detailed travel guide. His words narrow the setting, but they do not settle the mountain's exact location.
For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children.
What remains clear
People may continue to explore proposed sites, and that curiosity is understandable. Yet the Bible puts the weight elsewhere. At Sinai, God reminded Israel that he had brought them out of Egypt and called them to belong to him as a holy people (Exodus 19:3-6).
So the honest answer is that the real Mount Sinai has not been identified with certainty. Its exact position remains debated, but its place in Scripture is clear: it is where God met a rescued people and called them into covenant faithfulness. Reading Exodus 19 for yourself keeps the main thing in view.